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Right Ahead |
Left Behind |
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13th Century |
| European monks invent the escapement clock. | 1300 | |
Spinning wheel invented. |
1298 | The longbow revolutionizes warfare at the Battle of Falkirk. |
| Marco Polo begins dictating Book of Various Experiences in prison. | 1296 | |
| Model Parliament convenes in
London. Marco Polo returns to Venice with wonders and new ideas from the Far East. |
1295 | Most of England's clergy quit the Model Parliament. |
| 1285 | London develops problems with smog. | |
| Flemish textile workers rebel. | 1280 | |
| Glass mirror invented. | 1278 | |
| 1277 | Roger Bacon imprisoned for heresy. | |
| Amsterdam chartered. | 1275 | |
| Silk-reeling machine invented. | 1272 | |
| Marco Polo begins his travels. | 1271 | |
| 1269 | Toll roads
introduced in England. Louis IX of France orders Jews to wear a purple badge. |
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| Roger Bacon predicts radiology, the steamship, the airplane, television, and the discovery of the
Western Hemisphere.
Roger Bacon describes the magnetic needle, reading glasses, and the camera obscura. Kublai Kahn establishes Beijing. |
1267 | |
| English bakers begin marking loaves of bread to identify the source of bad bread, thus establishing the trademark. | 1266 | |
| Roger Bacon writes De Computo Naturali. | 1264 | |
| Alexandr Nevsky convinces Tartars to reduce tributes and eliminate conscription. | 1262 | |
| Chartres cathedral completed. | 1260 | |
| 1258 | Flagellants begin physically punishing themselves in the belief that this will prevent plagues. | |
| Ulrich von Lichtenstein writes Frauendienst. | 1255 | |
| Sorbonne founded as Community of Poor Masters and Scholars. | 1253 | |
| Hanseatic merchants establish common rights at the Flemish harbor of Bruges. Japanese sculptor Ono Goroemon casts Kamakura Daibutsu. |
1252 | Inquisition
begins using torture. Louis IX of France expels Jews. |
| Farmers and shepherds revolt in northern France and England. | 1251 | |
| Roger Bacon invents the magnifying glass. Vincent of Beauvais publishes Speculum naturale, historiale, doctrinale, an early encyclopedia. Yukinaga Shinanozenji writes his epic, Heiki. |
1250 | |
| Roger Bacon argues for science cirriculum at Oxford University. | 1249 | |
| The Hague founded. | 1247 | Robin Hood dies. |
| Wernher der Gertenaere writes Meier Helmbrecht, first German peasant romance. | 1246 | |
| German Hanseatic League introduces the rudder and bowsprit. | 1241 | |
| Guido Guinizelli establishes the dolce stil nuovo school of Italian love poetry. | 1240 | |
| Theodoric of Luca pioneers anesthesias. | 1236 | Pope Gregory IX excommunicates Frederick II. |
| Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II allows surgeons to dissect human bodies at the Salerno school of medicine.
Frederick II sponsors the translation of Aristole into Latin. |
1235 | |
| Japanese shogun forbids parents to sell their children into slavery. | 1231 | |
| Berlin founded. | 1230 | |
| 1229 | Inquisition forbids reading of Bible by lay persons. | |
| 1222 | András II of Hungary issues A Golden Bull exempting clergy from taxation and refusing land or offices to Jews or foreigners. | |
| 1218 | Newgate Prison, London's debtor prison completed. | |
| 1216 | Genghis Kahn destroys much of Near Eastern civilization. | |
| June 15 King John of England forced to sign the Magna Carta at Runnymede. | 1215 | Pope Innocent III nullifies the Magna Carta. |
| 1212 | More than 50,000 children sold into slavery as their Children's Crusade fails. | |
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